Philosophy without Intuitions

The claim that contemporary analytic philosophers rely extensively on intuitions as evidence is almost universally accepted in current meta-philosophical debates and it figures prominently in our self-understanding as analytic philosophers. No matter what area you happen to work in and what views you happen to hold in those areas, you are likely to think that philosophizing requires constructing cases and making intuitive judgments about those cases. This assumption also underlines the entire experimental philosophy movement: only if philosophers rely on intuitions as evidence are data about non-philosophers' intuitions of any interest to us. Our alleged reliance on the intuitive makes many philosophers who don't work on meta-philosophy concerned about their own discipline: they are unsure what intuitions are and whether they can carry the evidential weight we allegedly assign to them. The goal of this book is to argue that this concern is unwarranted since the claim is false: it is not true that philosophers rely extensively (or even a little bit) on intuitions as evidence. At worst, analytic philosophers are guilty of engaging in somewhat irresponsible use of 'intuition'-vocabulary. While this irresponsibility has had little effect on first order philosophy, it has fundamentally misled meta-philosophers: it has encouraged meta-philosophical pseudo-problems and misleading pictures of what philosophy is.Preface and Acknowledgements; 1. Intuitions in Philosophy: Overview and Taxonomy; PART I: THE ARGUMENT FROM 'INTUITION'-TALK; Introduction to Part I; 2. 'Intuitive', 'Intuitively', 'Intuition', and 'Seem' in English; 3. Philosophers' Use of 'Intuitive' (I): A Defective Practice and the Verbal Virus Theory; 4. Philosophers' Use of 'Intuitive' (II): Some Strategies for Charitable Interpretation; Appendix to Chapter 4 Williamson on Intuition as Belief and Inclination to Believe; 5. Philosophers' Use of 'Intuitive' (III): Against the Explaining Away of Intuitions; PART II: THE ARGUMENT FROM PHILOSOPHICAL PRACTICE; Introduction to Part II; 6. Centrality and Philosophical Practice; 7. Diagnostics for Intuitiveness; 8. Case Studies; 9. Lessons Learned, Replies to Objections, and Comparison to Williamson; 10. Conceptual Analysis and Intuitions; 11. A Big Mistake: Experimental Philosophy; Bibliography; Index