Composite Fermions

This book was first published in 2007. When electrons are confined to two dimensions, cooled to near absolute zero temperature, and subjected to a strong magnetic field, they form an exotic new collective state of matter. Investigations into this began with the observations of integral and fractional quantum Hall effects, which are among the most important discoveries in condensed matter physics. The fractional quantum Hall effect and a stream of other unexpected findings are explained by a new class of particles: composite fermions. This textbook is a self-contained, pedagogical introduction to the physics and experimental manifestations of composite fermions. Ideal for graduate students and academic researchers, it contains numerous exercises to reinforce the concepts presented. The topics covered include the integral and fractional quantum Hall effects, the composite-fermion Fermi sea, various kinds of excitations, the role of spin, edge state transport, electron solid, bilayer physics, fractional braiding statistics and fractional local charge. 'Everything you always wanted to know about Composite Fermions by its primary architect and champion. Much gorgeous theory, of course, but also an excellent collection of the relevant experimental data. For the initiated, an illuminating account of the relationship between Composite Fermion model and other models on stage. For the novice, a lucid presentation and dozens of valuable exercises.' Horst Stormer, Columbia University, NY and Lucent Technologies. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1998 for discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.Preface; List of symbols and abbreviations; 1. Overview; 2. Quantum Hall effect; 3. Landau levels; 4. Theory of the IQHE; 5. Foundations of the composite fermion theory; 6. Microscopic verifications; 7. Theory of the FQHE; 8. Incompressible ground states and their excitations; 9. Topology and quantizations; 10. Composite fermion Fermi sea; 11. Composite fermions with spin; 12. Non-composite fermion approaches; 13. Bilayer FQHE; 14. Edge physics; 15. Composite fermion crystals; Appendices: A. Gaussian integral; B. Useful operator identities; C. Point flux tube; D. Adiabatic insertion of a point flux; E. Berry phase; F. Second quantization; G. Green's functions, spectral function, tunneling; H. Off-diagonal long-range order; I. Total energies and energy gaps; J. Lowest Landau level projection; K. Metropolis Monte Carlo; L. Composite fermion diagonalization; References; Index.