History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Ris

Reform, Revolution and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808-1975 is the second book of the two-volume History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. It discusses the modernization of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the spread of nationalism among its subject peoples, and the revolutionary changes in Ottoman institutions and society that led to the Empire's demise and the rise of the democratic Republic of Turkey. Based on extensive research in the Ottoman archives as well as Western sources, this volume analyzes the external pressures, reform measures, institutional changes, and intellectual movements that affected the heterogeneous Ottoman society during the Empire's last century. It concludes with an analysis of contemporary Turkey's constitutional and political structures and principal domestic and foreign problems.List of tables; Preface; Preface to the second printing; List of abbreviations; Note on pronunciation; Map of the growth of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1683; Map of the decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1683-1975; 1. The beginnings of modern Ottoman reform: the era of Mahmut II, 1808-1839; 2. The era of modern reform: the Tanzimat, 1839-1876; 3. Culmination of the Tanzimat: the reign of Abdulhamit II, 1876-1909; 4. The Young Turk period, 1908-1918; 5. The Turkish war for independence, 1918-1923; 6. The Turkish Republic, 1923-1975; Appendix; Bibliography; Index.