Culture, Brain, and Analgesia

In this book, the authors have placed culture in the forefront of their approach to study pain in an integrative manner. Culture should not be considered solely for knowing more about patients' values, beliefs, and practices. It should be studied with the purpose of unveiling its effects upon biological systems and the pain neuromatrix. The book discusses how a multidisciplinary and integrative approach to pain and analgesia should be considered. Some familiarity with the cultural background of patients and awareness of the provider's own cultural characteristics will allow the pain practitioner to better understand patients' values, attitudes and preferences. Knowledge of patients' cultural practices will allow determining the impact of culture on biological processes, including the origin and development of pain-related disease, and the patients' response to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Acknowledging the interactions of molecules, genes and culture could yield a more appropriate and effective personalized pain medicine. Furthermore, this approach has the potential to transform the way pain medicine is taught to young students and future pain professionals, and in so doing meet the need of trained clinicians who are versed in multiple disciplines and are able to use an integrative approach to diagnose and treat pain. A personalized medicine will have non-negligible positive effects in improving doctor patient relationships, patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment plans, and health outcomes and inequities. It is hoped that the material in this volume will appeal to a broad cross-section of health practitioners, students and academicians, including pain medicine specialists, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, mental health, community and public health workers, health policy makers, and health administrators.FOREWORD ; ARMANDO FAVAZZA ; PREFACE ; MARIO INCAYAWAR AND KNOX H. TODD ; CONTRIBUTORS ; 1 ; RELEVANCE OF PAIN AND ANALGESIA IN MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES ; KNOX H. TODD AND MARIO INCAYAWAR ; CULTURAL MODULATION OF PAIN EXPERIENCES ; 2 ; A LINGUISTIC APPROACH FOR UNDERSTANDING PAIN IN THE MEDICAL ENCOUNTER ; LISE BOUCHARD ; 3 ; CULTURE, PLACEBO AND ANALGESIA: CLINICAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ; ANTONELLA POLLO, ELISA CARLINO AND FABRIZIO BENEDETTI ; 4 ; PAIN IN CHILDREN ACROSS CULTURES ; HUDA ABU-SAAD HUIJER ; 5 ; PAIN IN INDIAN CULTURE: CONCEPTUAL AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES ; JUDY F. PUGH ; 6 ; INSIGHTS ON THE PAIN EXPERIENCE IN MEXICAN AMERICANS ; EVELYN RUIZ CALVILLO ; 7 ; WE FEEL PAIN TOO: ASSERTING THE PAIN EXPERIENCE OF THE QUICHUA PEOPLE ; MARIO INCAYAWAR AND SIOUI MALDONADO-BOUCHARD ; 8 ; ALLYING WITH CHINESE PARENTS FOR ENHANCED CONTROL OF PEDIATRIC POSTOPERATIVE PAIN ; HE HONG-GU AND KATRI VEHVILAINEN-JULKUNEN ; 9 ; UNDERSTANDING ANGLO-AMERICANS' CULTURE, PAIN AND SUFFERING ; SUSAN SHARP AND CHERYL KOOPMAN ; CULTURE AND PAIN ASSESSMENT ; 10 ; CROSS-CULTURAL USE AND VALIDITY OF PAIN SCALES AND QUESTIONNAIRES - NORWEGIAN CASE STUDY ; HESOOK SUZIE KIM, DONNA SCHWARTZ-BARCOTT AND INGER MAGRETHE HOLTER ; 11 ; THE CLINICAL ENCOUNTER: IMPLICATIONS FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT DISPARITIES ; RAYMOND TAIT ; 12 ; SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF PAIN: PATIENTS, DENTISTS AND ETHNICITY ; ROD MOORE ; DISPARITIES AND INEQUITIES IN PAIN MANAGEMENT ; 13 ; IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT RACIAL AND ETHNIC BIAS AMONG PHYSICIANS ; FATIMA RODRIGUEZ AND ALEXANDER R. GREEN ; 14 ; ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PAIN MANAGEMENT ; KNOX H. TODD AND MARK J. PLETCHER ; 15 ; PATIENT-PROVIDER ETHNIC CONCORDANCE IN PAIN CONTROL: NEGOTIATING THE INTANGIBLE BARRIER ; SALIMAH H. MEGHANI AND OREN K. ISACOFF ; 16 ; THE EFFECT OF ETHNICITY ON PRESCRIPTIONS FOR PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA FOR POST-OPERATIVE PAIN ; BERNARDO NG ; 17 ; DISPARITIES IN HEALTH CARE AND PAIN MANAGEMENT FOR AMERICANS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE ; JOSEPH TELFAIR AND LORI CROSBY ; 18 ; UNAVAILABILITY OF PAIN MEDICINES IN MINORITY NEIGBORHOODS AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ; LAURA P. GELFMAN AND R. SEAN MORRISON ; CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF PAIN ; 19 ; DISPARITIES IN TREATMENT OF CANCER PAIN IN ETHNIC MINORITY PATIENTS ; KAREN O. ANDERSON ; 20 ; THE PAIN OF CHILDBIRTH: MANAGEMENT AMONG CULTURALLY DIVERSE WOMEN ; LYNN CLARK CALLISTER ; 21 ; GENDER AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO PAIN AND ITS TREATMENT ; BUREL R. GOODIN, KIMBERLY SIBILLE AND ROGER B. FILLINGIM ; 22 ; PAIN MANAGEMENT AMONG CHINESE CANCER PATIENTS ; LARA DHINGRA, GRACIETE LO, VICTOR CHANG AND JOHN TSOI ; 23 ; PAIN AND AGING: MANAGING PAIN IN AN ETHNICALLY DIVERSE POPULATION ; CIELITO REYES-GIBBY AND GUADALUPE R. PALOS ; 24 ; OLDER AFRICAN-AMERICANS: MANAGING PAIN AMONG THE UNDERSERVED AND MOST VULNERABLE POPULATIONS ; CARMEN R. GREEN AND MYTHILI PRABHU ; PHARMACOGENOMICS AND ANALGESIC DRUGS ; 25 ; INSENSITIVITY TO PAIN: LESSONS FROM RECENT GENETICS ADVANCES ; NANCY MERNER , PATRICK A. DION, ANNA SZUTO AND GUY A. ROULEAU ; 26 ; OPIOID REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSES IN ASIANS ; ANNA LEE, SIMON KC CHAN AND TONY GIN ; 27 ; ETHNICITY AND PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY IN PAIN ; KEH-MING LIN ; CONTEXTUAL ISSUES IN PAIN MEDICINE ; 28 ; INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE APPROACH TO CHRONIC PAIN ; STEPHEN DAHMER, RAYMOND TEETS, AND EMILIE SCOTT ; 29 ; PHYSICIANS' PERCEPTION OF PAIN AS RELATED TO EMPATHY, SYMPATHY AND THE MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM ; MOHAMMADREZA HOJAT AND MITCHELL J.M. COHEN ; 30 ; PAIN, CULTURE AND PATHWAYS TO CARE ; GURVINDER KALRA, SUSHAM GUPTA AND DINESH BHUGRA ; THE FUTURE OF ANALGESIA IN DIVERSE POPULATIONS ; 31 ; CULTURE, PHARMACOGENOMICS AND PERSONALIZED ANALGESIA ; MARIO INCAYAWAR AND KNOX H. TODD