Pearls and Pitfalls in Pediatric Imaging

This collection of over 90 highly illustrated case studies explores major and confusing problems in pediatric imaging. All relevant imaging modalities are covered, including ultrasound, conventional radiography, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, nuclear and molecular imaging, and interventional radiology. The authors present a strategy for recognizing key information in order to reach an accurate diagnosis, and each case includes differential diagnoses and key teaching points, alerting the reader to common pitfalls in the interpretation of pediatric radiological images. This is a highly valuable resource for trainee pediatric radiologists, and general radiologists who encounter pediatric patients. It will particularly help people preparing for exams, including the core exam, the certifying exam or CAQ exams, as well as pediatric radiologists who want to refresh their knowledge on particular topics. It will also be of interest to pediatricians who wish to improve their diagnostic proficiency and understanding of imaging studies.Preface; Part I. Head and Neck: 1. Trilateral retinoblastoma; 2. Fibromatosis colli; 3. Craniopharyngioma; 4. Labyrinthitis ossificans; 5. Branchio-oto-renal syndrome; 6. Medulloblastoma; 7. Ectopic thymus; 8. Adrenal leukodystrophy (ALD); 9. Langerhans cell histiocytosis; 10. PHACES syndrome; Part II. Thoracic Imaging: 11. Lipoid pneumonia; 12. Pleuropulmonary blastoma; 13. Neurendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI); 14. Endobronchial foreign body recognition; 15. Chronic esophageal foreign body; 16. Opsoclonus myoclonus due to underlying ganglioneuroblastoma; 17. Lymphoma - pulmonary manifestations; 18. Acute and subacute pneumonia in children; 19. Thymus - normal variations; 20. Neonatal airleak; 21. Bronchopulmonary malformation - hybrid lesions; 22. Lymphatic abnormality in the pediatric chest; Part III. Cardiac Imaging: 23. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF); 24. Left pulmonary artery sling; 25. Vascular ring; 26. Scimitar syndrome; 27. Portosystemic shunt and portopulmonary syndrome; 28. Aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch; 29. Ebstein's anomaly; 30. Transposition of the great arteries; 31. Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR); 32. Aberrant left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA); Part IV. Vascular and Interventional: 33. Lower extremity ischemia due to homocystinuria; 34. Iatrogenic pathology masquerading as an artifact; 35. Fibromuscular dysplasia; 36. Acute traumatic AV fistulae; 37. Colonic perforation during intussusception reduction; 38. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma; 39. Small bowel fistula; 40. Anomalous supply of hepatocellular carcinoma; 41. Draining otherwise inaccessible abscesses; 42. Umbilical Venous Catheter (UVC) extravasation in the liver; 43. Mid aortic syndrome; Part V. GI Imaging: 44. Ruptured appendicitis mimicking intussusception; 45. Choledochal cyst; 46. Henoch-Schonlein purpura; 47. Biliary atresia; 48. Mesenchymal hamartoma and embryonal sarcoma of the liver; 49. Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia; 50. Midgut volvulus; 51. Foveolar hyperplasia; 52. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis; 53. Desmoplastic small round blue cell tumor; 54. Post Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD); 55. Traumatic pancreatic injury; 56. Meconium ileus; Part VI. Urinary Imaging: 57. Renal cysts in tuberous sclerosis; 58. Prune-belly; 59. Renal vein thrombosis; 60. Pyelonephritis; 61. Ectopic ureterocele, duplicated collecting system; 62. Nephroblastomatosis; 63. Neuroblastoma; 64. Wilm's tumor; 65. Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK); 66. Oxalosis; Part VII. Endocrine - Reproductive Imaging: 67. Pediatric Graves' disease; 68. Thyroglossal duct cyst; 69. Thyroid colloid cyst; 70. Adrenal hemorrhage; 71. Ovarian torsion; 72. Torsion of the testicular appendage; 73. Intra-testicular neoplasms; Part VIII. Fetal Imaging: 74. Fetal lymphatic malformation; 75. Fetal anal atresia; 76. Cystic dysplasia of the kidneys; 77. Gastroschisis; 78. Osteogenesis imperfect; 79. Fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia; 80. Hydrops fetalis; Part IX. Musculoskeletal Imaging: 81. Clubfoot; 82. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH); 83. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD); 84. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE); 85. Langerhans cell histiocystosis - MRI/PET for diagnosis and treatment monitoring; 86. Congenital syphilis; 87. Medial malleolus avulsion fracture; 88. Triplane fracture; 89. Fibrous dysplasia; 90. Chest wall sarcoma; 91. Campomelic dysplasia; 92. Type II collagenopathy; 93. Morel-Lavallee lesion; 94. Infantile myofibromatosis; 95. Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum; Index.