Forensic Chemistry

Written specifically for the undergraduate course in Forensic Chemistry, Bell's Forensic Chemistry, Second Edition provides a solid foundation for basic chemistry, introducing chemical concepts and practices from a forensic perspective (including multivariate statistics, quality assurance/quality control, and protocols used in working forensic laboratories). It offers students insight into the legal context in which forensic chemistry is conducted, the variety of types of samples and matrices, and extensive use of instrumentation they will likely encounter in the lab and future professions.Chapter 1- Introduction and Overview- Chemistry and the Law 1.1 What is Forensic Chemistry? 1.2 Precedent in Chemistry and the Law 1.3 Key Forensic and Legal Concepts 1.4 The Flow of a Forensic Analysis 1.5 The Forensic Mind-Set 1.6 Forensic Chemistry Today 1.7 Becoming and Being a Forensic Professional PART 1- METROLOGY Chapter 2- Foundations 2.1 Metrology and Measurement 2.2 Significant Figures, Rounding, and Uncertainty 2.3 Fundamental Statistics 2.4 Error, Accuracy, and Precision 2.5 Hypothesis Testing Chapter 3- Quality Assurance and Quality Control 3.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 3.2 Quality Control Procedures 3.3 Quality Control and Calibration Chapter 4- Reporting Defensible Uncertainty and Obtaining Representative Samples 4.1 Uncertainty 4.2 Sampling and Sampling Plans PART 2- CHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS Chapter 5- Chemical Fundamentals: Partitioning, Equilibria, and Acid/ Base Chemistry 5.1 General Considerations 5.2 An Introductory Example 5.3 The Special K's 5.4 Partitioning 5.5 Partitioning with a Solid Phase 5.6 Extension of Partitioning: Thin-Layer Chromatography Chapter 6- Instrumentation 6.1 Microscopes and Chemical Microscopy 6.2 Spectroscopy 6.3 Mass Spectroscopy 6.4 Elemental Analysis 6.5 Microspectrophotometry 6.6 Electrophoretic Instrumentation PART 3- DRUGS AND POISON Chapter 7- Drugs as Physical Evidence: Seized Drugs and Their Analysis 7.1 What is a Drug? 7.2 Classification and Categories 7.3 Drugs as Evidence 7.4 Analysis of Seized Drugs Chapter 8- Forensic Drug Analysis II: Selected Drug Classes 8.1 Acidic and Neutral Drugs 8.2 Basic Drugs Chapter 9- Drugs in the Body 9.1 Introduction 9.2 ADME 9.3 Compartment Models 9.4 Absorption 9.5 Metabolism 9.6 Elimination 9.7 An Integrated Approach 9.8 Dosage Considerations 9.9 How Drugs Work Chapter 10- Forensic Toxicology 10.1 Sample Types 10.2 Categories of Forensic Toxicology 10.3 Analytical Methods PART 4 COMBUSTION EVIDENCE Chapter 11- The Chemistry of Combustion and Arson 11.1 The Combustion Continuum 11.2 Aspects of Combustion 11.3 Flames and Fires 11.4 Arson and Fire Investigation Chapter 12- Explosives 12.1 Explosions, Detonations, and Explosives 12.2 Explosive Power 12.3 Forensic Analysis of Explosives Chapter 13- Firearms and Associated Chemical Evidence 13.1 How Guns Work 13.2 Primers and Propellants 13.3 Forensic Chemical Analysis of Firearms Evidence 13.4 Serial Number Restoration PART 5 MATERIALS Chapter 14- The Chemistry of Colors and Colorants 14.1 Color: A Quantitative View 14.2 Colorants 14.3 Application of Colorants: Inks 14.4 Applications of Colorants: Mechanical and Computer Printing 14.5 Applications of Colorants: Paint Chapter 15- The Chemistry of Polymers 15.1 Polymers 15.2 Biopolymers: Polysaccharides 15.3 Synthetic Polymers Chapter 16- Forensic Analysis of Inks and Paints 16.1 Analytical Methods 16.2 Aging and Dating Appendix 1- Alphabetical Glossary of Terms Appendix 2- Abbreviations Appendix 3- Solvent Properties for SPE and HPLC Appendix 4- Key Organic Chemistry Terms and Reactions Appendix 5- Thermodynamic Quantities Appendix 6- Apothecary and Other Units in Forensic Chemistry Appendix 7- Characteristic Infrared Group Frequencies Appendix 8- Reagents for Color Test Reagents Appendix 9- Tables for Statistical Testing