Java SE8 for Programmers

The professional programmer's Deitel(R) guide to Java(TM) SE 7 and SE 8 (Java 8) development with the powerful Java(TM) platform ' Written for programmers with a background in high-level language programming, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach to teaching programming and explores the Java(TM) language and Java(TM) APIs in depth. The book presents' concepts in the context of fully tested programs, complete with syntax shading, code highlighting, line-by-line code walkthroughs and program outputs. The book features hundreds of complete Java(TM) programs with thousands of lines of proven Java(TM) code, and hundreds of tips that will help you build robust applications. ' Start with an introduction to Java(TM) using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics, including GUI, graphics, exception handling, lambdas, streams, functional interfaces, object serialization, concurrency, generics, generic collections, JDBC(TM) and more. You'll enjoy the Deitels' classic treatment of object-oriented programming and the object-oriented design ATM case study, including a complete Java(TM) implementation. When you're finished, you'll have everything you need to build industrial-strength object-oriented" Java(TM) SE 7 and SE 8 (Java 8) applications. ' Practical, Example-Rich Coverage of: * Java(TM) SE 7 and SE 8 (Java 8) * Lambdas, Streams, Functional Interfaces with Default and Static Methods * Classes, Objects, Encapsulation,' Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces * Swing and JavaFX GUIs; Graphics * Integrated Exception Handling * Files, Streams, Object Serialization * Multithreading and Concurrency for Optimal Multi-Core Performance * Generics and Generic Collections * Database (JDBC(TM), SQL and JavaDB) * Using the Debugger and the API Docs * Industrial-Strength, Object-Oriented Design ATM Case Study and more. ' Visit www.deitel.com * Download code examples * For information on Deitel's Dive Into(R) Series programming training courses delivered at organizations worldwide visit www.deitel.com/training or' write to [email protected] * Join the Deitel social networking communities on Facebook(R) at' facebook.com/DeitelFan,' Twitter(R) @deitel, Google+(TM) at google.com/+DeitelFan," LinkedIn(R) at bit.ly/DeitelLinkedIn, YouTube(TM) at' youtube.com/user/DeitelTV * Subscribe to the Deitel(R) Buzz Online e-mail newsletter at' www. deitel.com/newsletter/ subscribe.html ' COMMENTS FROM RECENT EDITIONS REVIEWERS "This book is amazing if you want to learn how to program in Java SE 8." -Jorge Vargas, Yumbling and a Java Champion "Excellent introduction to functional programming with lambdas and streams." -Manfred Riem, Java Champion "A great overview on how concurrency can help developers; it's very readable and focuses on leveraging multi-core processors." -Johan Vos, LodgON and Java Champion "Gives programmers the benefit of the wisdom derived from many years of software development experience." -Edward F. Gehringer, North Carolina State University "You'll be well on your way to becoming a great Java programmer with this book." -Peter Pilgrim, Java Champion, Consultant "Comprehensive introduction to Java, now in its eighth major iteration. With clear descriptions and useful tips and hints, this is a great book for studying the world's most popular programming language. Introduces good design practices and methodologies right from the beginning. An excellent starting point for developing high-quality robust Java applications." -Simon Ritter, Oracle Corporation "Provides a great jump-start on JavaFX, the successor to Swing. A very impressive treatment is given to many JavaFX concepts, from developing a simple application without writing any code, to developing an application that contains a variety of graphical user interface elements." -James L. Weaver, Oracle Java Evangelist and author of Pro JavaFX 2 "Fantastic book and reference. Provides great detail on the latest Java features including lambdas. The code examples make it easy to understand the concepts." -Lance Andersen, Principal Member of the Technical Staff, Oracle Corporation "Introduces JavaFX, the great new way to develop client applications in Java; I like the use of Scene Builder to create the GUI with drag-and-drop design rather than doing it by hand, which shows the way it should be done." -Simon Ritter, Oracle Corporation "I like the DeckOfCards example [in the Arrays and ArrayLists chapter]. The evolving inheritance example is a good approach to motivating inheritance. I like the [polymorphism] employee example. Very thorough and well explained GUI chapter. Thorough strings chapter; I like the clear definitions of regular expressions. Good introduction to collections; Hashtable performance discussion was good. Solid treatment of threading." -Dr. Danny Coward, Oracle Corporation "A great book with a myriad of examples from various application domains." -William E. Duncan, Louisiana State University "Updated to reflect the state of the art in Java technologies; deep and crystal-clear explanations." -Jose Antonio Gonzalez Seco, Parliament of Andalusia "Very interesting and entertaining. Good job explaining arrays before the more abstract collections. Guiding the reader to avoid dangerous patterns is equally important as explaining the correct syntax; great work! Excellent introduction to object-oriented concepts; rather than just a theoretical overview, it points the reader to how OO is implemented. Great polymorphism chapter- should help the reader distinguish between abstract classes and Java 8 interfaces with default methods. Good discussion of analyzing stack traces, since exceptions provide useful debugging information. Great job explaining Java2D. Shows how easily files and the filesystem are accessible using Java. Very good introduction to hash tables. Pushing all lambda-related content in a single chapter is hard, but the authors succeeded; I like the way they show how lambda expressions compare to existing code with inner classes; they show that it's the compiler that does the work. Great introduction to BigInteger and BigDecimal. One of the best explanations of generics I've read. Clearly explains collections, and when and how they should be used; it's important that developers understand this, since choosing a wrong implementation can lead to massive performance penalties or hard-to-understand programs." -Johan Vos, LodgON and Java Champion "An easy-to-read conversational style. Clear code examples propel readers to become proficient in Java." -Patty Kraft, San Diego State University "The [early] introduction of the class concept is clearly presented. I applaud the authors for their topical research and illustrative examples.The clearest explanation of pass-by-value and pass-by-reference that I've encountered. A logical progression of inheritance and the rationale for properly implementing encapsulation in a system involving an inheritance hierarchy. The polymorphism and exception-handling discussions are the best I've seen. An excellent strings chapter." -Ric Heishman, George Mason University "Of immense value to practitioners of the object-oriented approach. Demystifies inheritance and polymorphism, and illustrates their use in getting elegant, simple and maintainable code. The OO design case study presents the object-oriented approach in a simple manner, from requirements to Java code." -Vinod Varma, Astro Infotech Private Limited "Easy-to-follow examples! OO design techniques are incorporated throughout. The concept of inheritance is built through examples and is very understandable. Great examples of polymorphism and interfaces. I appreciate the coverage of GUI threading issues." -Sue McFarland Metzger, Villanova University "Most major concepts are illustrated by complete, annotated programs. JDBC is explained well." -Shyamal Mitra, University of Texas at Austin "A great reference for anyone working with Java. Good introduction toForeword xxiii Preface xxv Before You Begin xxxvii Chapter 1: Introduction to Java and Test-Driving a Java Application 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Object Technology Concepts 4 1.3 Open Source Software 7 1.4 Java 8 1.5 A Typical Java Development Environment 9 1.6 Test-Driving a Java Application 12 1.7 Software Technologies 16 1.8 Keeping Up-to-Date with Information Technologies 18 Chapter 2: Introduction to Java Applications; Input/Output and Operators 20 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Your First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text 21 2.3 Modifying Your First Java Program 26 2.4 Displaying Text with printf 28 2.5 Another Application: Adding Integers 29 2.6 Arithmetic 33 2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 34 2.8 Wrap-Up 37 Chapter 3: Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Strings 38 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods 39 3.3 Primitive Types vs. Reference Types 49 3.4 Account Class: Initializing Objects with Constructors 50 3.5 Account Class with a Balance; Floating-Point Numbers 53 3.6 Wrap-Up 58 Chapter 4: Control Statements: Part 1; Assignment, ++ and --Operators 59 4.1 Introduction 60 4.2 Control Structures 60 4.3 if Single-Selection Statement 62 4.4 if...else Double-Selection Statement 63 4.5 Student Class: Nested if...else Statements 67 4.6 while Repetition Statement 69 4.7 Counter-Controlled Repetition 71 4.8 Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 74 4.9 Nested Control Statements 79 4.10 Compound Assignment Operators 81 4.11 Increment and Decrement Operators 81 4.12 Primitive Types 84 4.13 Wrap-Up 85 Chapter 5: Control Statements: Part 2; Logical Operators 86 5.1 Introduction 87 5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition 87 5.3 for Repetition Statement 88 5.4 Examples Using the for Statement 92 5.5 do...while Repetition Statement 97 5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 98 5.7 Class AutoPolicy Case Study: Strings in switch Statements 104 5.8 break and continue Statements 108 5.9 Logical Operators 110 5.10 Wrap-Up 115 Chapter 6: Methods: ADeeperLook 117 6.1 Introduction 118 6.2 Program Modules in Java 118 6.3 static Methods, static Fields and Class Math 119 6.4 Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters 121 6.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods 124 6.6 Argument Promotion and Casting 125 6.7 Java API Packages 127 6.8 Case Study: Secure Random-Number Generation 128 6.9 Case Study: A Game of Chance; Introducing enum Types 133 6.10 Scope of Declarations 138 6.11 Method Overloading 140 6.12 Wrap-Up 142 Chapter 7: Arrays and ArrayLists 144 7.1 Introduction 145 7.2 Arrays 146 7.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays 147 7.4 Examples Using Arrays 148 7.5 Exception Handling: Processing the Incorrect Response 157 7.6 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 158 7.7 Enhanced for Statement 163 7.8 Passing Arrays to Methods 164 7.9 Pass-By-Value vs. Pass-By-Reference 166 7.10 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades 167 7.11 Multidimensional Arrays 173 7.12 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array 176 7.13 Variable-Length Argument Lists 182 7.14 Using Command-Line Arguments 184 7.15 Class Arrays 186 7.16 Introduction to Collections and Class ArrayList 188 7.17 Wrap-Up 192 Chapter 8: Classes and Objects: ADeeperLook 193 8.1 Introduction 194 8.2 Time Class Case Study 194 8.3 Controlling Access to Members 199 8.4 Referring to the Current Object's Members with the this Reference 200 8.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 202 8.6 Default and No-Argument Constructors 208 8.7 Notes on Set and Get Methods 208 8.8 Composition 210 8.9 enum Types 213 8.10 Garbage Collection 215 8.11 static Class Members 216 8.12 static Import 220 8.13 final Instance Variables 221 8.14 Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages 222 8.15 Package Access 228 8.16 Using BigDecimal for Precise Monetary Calculations 230 8.17 Wrap-Up 232 Chapter 9: Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance 234 9.1 Introduction 235 9.2 Superclasses and Subclasses 236 9.3 protected Members 238 9.4 Relationship Between Superclasses and Subclasses 239 9.5 Constructors in Subclasses 261 9.6 Class Object 261 9.7 Wrap-Up 262 Chapter 10: Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism and Interfaces 264 10.1 Introduction 265 10.2 Polymorphism Examples 267 10.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior 268 10.4 Abstract Classes and Methods 270 10.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 273 10.6 Allowed Assignments Between Superclass and Subclass Variables 288 10.7 final Methods and Classes 288 10.8 A Deeper Explanation of Issues with Calling Methods from Constructors 289 10.9 Creating and Using Interfaces 290 10.10 Java SE 8 Interface Enhancements 301 10.11 Wrap-Up 302 Chapter 11: Exception Handling: A Deeper Look 304 11.1 Introduction 305 11.2 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling 306 11.3 Exception Handling: ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions 308 11.4 When to Use Exception Handling 314 11.5 Java Exception Hierarchy 314 11.6 finally Block 317 11.7 Stack Unwinding and Obtaining Information from an Exception Object 322 11.8 Chained Exceptions 324 11.9 Declaring New Exception Types 327 11.10 Preconditions and Postconditions 327 11.11 Assertions 328 11.12 try-with-Resources: Automatic Resource Deallocation 330 11.13 Wrap-Up 330 Chapter 12: Swing GUI Components: Part 1 332 12.1 Introduction 333 12.2 Java's Nimbus Look-and-Feel 334 12.3 Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane 335 12.4 Overview of Swing Components 338 12.5 Displaying Text and Images in a Window 340 12.6 Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with Nested Classes 344 12.7 Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces 350 12.8 How Event Handling Works 352 12.9 JButton 354 12.10 Buttons That Maintain State 357 12.11 JComboBox; Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling 363 12.12 JList 367 12.13 Multiple-Selection Lists 370 12.14 Mouse Event Handling 372 12.15 Adapter Classes 377 12.16 JPanel Subclass for Drawing with the Mouse 381 12.17 Key Event Handling 384 12.18 Introduction to Layout Managers 387 12.19 Using Panels to Manage More Complex Layouts 397 12.20 JTextArea 398 12.21 Wrap-Up 401 Chapter 13: Graphics and Java 2D 402 13.1 Introduction 403 13.2 Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects 405 13.3 Color Control 406 13.4 Manipulating Fonts 413 13.5 Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals 418 13.6 Drawing Arcs 422 13.7 Drawing Polygons and Polylines 425 13.8 Java 2D API 428 13.9 Wrap-Up 435 Chapter 14: Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions 436 14.1 Introduction 437 14.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings 437 14.3 Class String 438 14.4 Class StringBuilder 451 14.5 Class Character 458 14.6 Tokenizing Strings 463 14.7 Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher 464 14.8 Wrap-Up 473 Chapter 15: Files, Streams and Object Serialization 474 15.1 Introduction 475 15.2 Files and Streams 475 15.3 Using NIO Classes and Interfaces to Get File and Directory Information 477 15.4 Sequential-Access Text Files 481 15.5 Object Serialization 492 15.6 Opening Files with JFileChooser 500 15.7 (Optional) Additional java.io Classes 503 15.8 Wrap-Up 506 Chapter 16: Generic Collections 507 16.1 Introduction 508 16.2 Collections Overview 508 16.3 Type-Wrapper Classes 510 16.4 Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing 510 16.5 Interface Collection and Class Collections 510 16.6 Lists 511 16.7 Collections Methods 519 16.8 Stack Class of Package java.util 531 16.9 Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue 533 16.10 Sets 534 16.11 Maps 537 16.12 Properties Class 541 16.13 Synchronized Collections 544 16.14 Unmodifiable Collections 544 16.15 Abstract Implementations 545 16.16 Wrap-Up 545 Chapter 17: Java SE 8 Lambdas and Streams 547 17.1 Introduction 548 17.2 Functional Programming Technologies Overview 549 17.3 IntStream Operations 554 17.4 Stream Manipulations 561 17.5 Stream Manipulations 564 17.6 Stream Manipulations 566 17.7 Creating a Stream from a File 576 17.8 Generating Streams of Random Values 579 17.9 Lambda Event Handlers 581 17.10 Additional Notes on Java SE 8 Interfaces 581 17.11 Java SE 8 and Functional Programming Resources 582 17.12 Wrap-Up 582 Chapter 18: Generic Classes and Methods 584 18.1 Introduction 585 18.2 Motivation for Generic Methods 585 18.3 Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation 587 18.4 Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type 590 18.5 Overloading Generic Methods 593 18.6 Generic Classes 594 18.7 Raw Types 601 18.8 Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters 605 18.9 Wrap-Up 609 Chapter 19: Swing GUI Components: Part 2 611 19.1 Introduction 612 19.2 JSlider 612 19.3 Understanding Windows in Java 616 19.4 Using Menus with Frames 617 19.5 JPopupMenu 625 19.6 Pluggable Look-and-Feel 628 19.7 JDesktopPane and JInternalFrame 633 19.8 JTabbedPane 636 19.9 BoxLayout Layout Manager 638 19.10 GridBagLayout Layout Manager 642 19.11 Wrap-Up 652 Chapter 20: Concurrency 653 20.1 Introduction 654 20.2 Thread States and Life Cycle 656 20.3 Creating and Executing Threads with the Executor Framework 659 20.4 Thread Synchronization 663 20.5 Producer/Consumer Relationship without Synchronization 672 20.6 Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue 680 20.7 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship with synchronized, wait, notify and notifyAll 683 20.8 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers 690 20.9 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces 698 20.10 Concurrent Collections 705 20.11 Multithreading with GUI: SwingWorker 707 20.12 sort/parallelSort Timings with the Java SE 8 Date/Time API 721 20.13 Java SE 8: Sequential vs. Parallel Streams 723 20.14 (Advanced) Interfaces Callable and Future 726 20.15 (Advanced) Fork/Join Framework 730 20.16 Wrap-Up 730 Chapter 21: Accessing Databases with JDBC 732 21.1 Introduction 733 21.2 Relational Databases 734 21.3 A books Database 735 21.4 SQL 739 21.4.1 Basic SELECT Query 739 21.5 Setting up a Java DB Database 747 21.6 Manipulating Databases with JDBC 750 21.7 RowSet Interface 767 21.8 PreparedStatements 769 21.9 Stored Procedures 785 21.10 Transaction Processing 785 21.11 Wrap-Up 786 Chapter 22: JavaFX GUI 787 22.1 Introduction 788 22.2 JavaFX Scene Builder and the NetBeans IDE 789 22.3 JavaFX App Window Structure 790 22.4 Welcome App-Displaying Text and an Image 791 22.5 Tip Calculator App-Introduction to Event Handling 798 22.6 Wrap-Up 813 Chapter 23: ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML 815 23.1 Case Study Introduction 816 23.2 Examining the Requirements Document 816 23.3 Identifying the Classes in a Requirements Document 824 23.4 Identifying Class Attributes 830 23.5 Identifying Objects' States and Activities 835 23.6 Identifying Class Operations 839 23.7 Indicating Collaboration Among Objects 845 23.8 Wrap-Up 852 Chapter 24: ATM Case Study Part 2: Implementing an Object-Oriented Design 856 24.1 Introduction 857 24.2 Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System 857 24.3 Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM System 862 24.4 ATM Case Study Implementation 868 24.5 Wrap-Up 893 Appendix A: Operator Precedence Chart 895 Appendix B: ASCII Character Set 897 Appendix C: Keywords and Reserved Words 898 Appendix D: Primitive Types 899 Appendix E: Using the Debugger 900 E.1 Introduction 901 E.2 Breakpoints and the run, stop, cont and print Commands 901 E.3 The print and set Commands 905 E.4 Controlling Execution Using the step, step up and next Commands 907 E.5 The watch Command 909 E.6 The clear Command 912 E.7 Wrap-Up 914 Appendix F: Using the Java API Documentation 915 F.1 Introduction 915 F.2 Navigating the Java API 916 Appendix G: Creating Documentation with javadoc 924 G.1 Introduction 924 G.2 Documentation Comments 924 G.3 Documenting Java Source Code 925 G.4 javadoc 932 G.5 Files Produced by javadoc 933 Appendix H: Unicode(R) 937 H.1 Introduction 937 H.2 Unicode Transformation Formats 938 H.3 Characters and Glyphs 939 H.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode 940 H.5 Using Unicode 940 H.6 Character Ranges 942 Appendix I: Formatted Output 944 I.1 Introduction 945 I.2 Streams 945 I.3 Formatting Output with printf 945 I.4 Printing Integers 946 I.5 Printing Floating-Point Numbers 947 I.6 Printing Strings and Characters 949 I.7 Printing Dates and Times 950 I.8 Other Conversion Characters 952 I.9 Printing with Field Widths and Precisions 954 I.10 Using Flags in the printf Format String 956 I.11 Printing with Argument Indices 960 I.12 Printing Literals and Escape Sequences 960 I.13 Formatting Output with Class Formatter 961 I.14 Wrap-Up 962 Appendix J: Number Systems 963 J.1 Introduction 964 J.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 967 J.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers 968 J.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal 968 J.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal 969 J.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two's Complement Notation 971 Appendix K: Bit Manipulation 973 K.1 Introduction 973 K.2 Bit Manipulation and the Bitwise Operators 973 K.3 BitSet Class 983 Appendix L: Labeled break and continue Statements 987 L.1 Introduction 987 L.2 Labeled break Statement 987 L.3 Labeled continue Statement 988 Appendix M: UML 2: Additional Diagram Types 990 M.1 Introduction 990 M.2 Additional Diagram Types 990 Appendix N: Design Patterns 992 N.1 Introduction 992 N.2 Creational, Structural and Behavioral Design Patterns 993 N.3 Design Patterns in Packages java.awt and javax.swing 998 N.4 Concurrency Design Patterns 1005 N.5 Design Patterns Used in Packages java.io and java.net 1006 N.6 Design Patterns Used in Package java.util 1010 N.7 Wrap-Up 1011 Index 1013